For example, theories on actor-observer bias suggest that we are more likely to use internal or external attribution depending on whether we are the person performing a behavior or whether we are observing it. That would make anyone cry!Įither process could give you the “right” answer, but attribution focuses more on how people come to these conclusions. Let's say they just got broken up with by the person sitting next to them on the subway. Another factor could be influencing their behavior. ![]() Maybe they saw something traumatic on the subway. Maybe you see this same person crying on the subway, but you assume that their behavior might be due to an external situation. Situational Attribution, or External Attribution, occurs when you believe that a person’s behavior is driven by external factors. For example, a person may cry on the subway because they are emotionally unstable or they cry easily. Situational Attribution.ĭispositional Attribution, or Internal Attribution, occurs when you believe that a person’s behavior is driven by internal factors. Although he did not dive too deep into the process of attribution, he did define two types of attribution that are still commonly discussed in attribution theory today: Dispositional vs. History of Attribution TheoryĪttribution was first brought into the world of psychology in the early 20th century by Gestalt psychologist Fritz Heider. How do we explain when someone is being a jerk or is donating hundreds of thousands of dollars? Attribution theory attempts to walk us through the way we get to our answer. In psychology, attribution theory looks at the ways that we attribute behavior to others and ourselves. Kelley's Covariation Model What is Attribution Theory? The ways that people explain behavior, and the mistakes they make while doing so, maybe just as insightful as the actual explanations for behavior. ![]() And while psychologists attempt to understand and explain behavior, they are also attempting to understand how humans attempt to understand and explain behavior. Have you ever tried to analyze the behavior of the guy that your friend is dating? Or maybe you saw someone running in public and thought, “He must be running from the police.” Maybe your colleague is acting strange, and you think, “They are hiding something from me.” In fact, we already try to explain human behavior, without thinking that we are doing so. We want to be able to explain the behaviors of our friends, family, partners, and colleagues. All of us want to know a little bit more about why people do the things they do. If there is one thing that I’ve learned from studying psychology, it’s that people are fascinated by it.
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